NBEO Systemic Disease Practice Exam 2025 - Complete Study Resource

Syphilis is caused by the spirochete organism Treponema pallidum, which is known for its ability to present a wide variety of clinical signs and symptoms, leading to its designation as "the great masquerader." This nickname reflects the diverse manifestations of syphilis, which can resemble other diseases and conditions. The infection can progress through multiple stages—primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary—each with distinct clinical features, such as sores, rashes, and systemic involvement, that can easily confuse a clinician.

The other organisms listed in the options are associated with different diseases: Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease, Leptospira interrogans is linked to leptospirosis, and Campylobacter jejuni is known for causing gastrointestinal infections. Each of these organisms has specific characteristics and associated diseases that differ significantly from syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum. Understanding the unique pathogenic profile of Treponema pallidum helps in recognizing and diagnosing syphilis, as well as understanding its epidemiology and treatment.